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Émile Eudes
Émile Eudes (1843–1888) was a French revolutionary, Blanquist socialist and participant in the Paris Commune. ==Early life== Émile Eudes was born on 12 September 1843 in Roncey in the English Channel. He began his medical studies in Saint-Lô and subsequently moved to Paris to specialize in pharmacology. As a convinced republican, he rejected the Second French Empire of Napoléon III. As a physician and man of science, he subscribed to the materialist philosophy then current. He was also strongly anti-clerical. He became associated with the 'free thinkers', a humanistic, non-religious movement associated with the exiled Victor Hugo. In 1866, Eudes became managing editor of the journal ''La Pensée Libre'' (''Free Thought''). He also briefly ran a progressive bookstore and became a freemason. Along with other free thinkers, he joined the French section of the First International. However, Eudes was drawn to a more radical ideology than the humanism of Hugo or the Mutualist doctrine of the followers of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who dominated the French section of the International. He joined the revolutionary socialist followers of the imprisoned veteran revolutionary Louis Auguste Blanqui. His associates included radicals like Ernest Granger, Gustave Tridon and Anne and Victor Jaclard. In 1865, the Blanquists managed to organise Blanqui's escape from prison to Belgium.
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